Polyurethane Foam market: Trends and Forecasts by 2018.

What is Polyurethane Foam?

Polyurethane is a polymer which is composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (An organic compound derived from carbamic acid -NH2COOH ) links.

Polyurethane products has an alternative name they are also called as “urethanes”, but they should not be interchanged with ethyl carbamate, which is also called urethane because Polyurethanes neither contain nor are produced from ethyl carbamate.

Polyurethane can be formed in different density products...

•     Low-density flexible foam used in upholstery, bedding, and automotive and truck seating
•     Low-density rigid foam used for thermal insulation and RTM cores
•     Soft solid elastomers used for gel pads and print rollers
•     Low density elastomers used in footwear
•     Hard solid plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts
•     Flexible plastics used as straps and bands

Polyurethane foams can be categorised into either rigid or flexible foams type.Flexible polyurethane foam is widely used in bedding and upholstery, while the more rigid polyurethane variety is used for thermal insulation and in automobile dashboards.
Rigid polyurethane foam has different applications in construction. Different kinds of odd and detailed shapes such as sculptures and domed ceilings are  easily made from the polyurethane foam than with wood. 

Applications of Polyurethane Foams Market

Polyurethane foam is widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, micro cellular foam seals and gaskets, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, seals, gaskets, carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts (such as for electronic instruments).

Advantages of Polyurethane Foams

1) wide range of hardness and rigidity.
2) Tear resistance
3) has good electrical insulating properties.
4) has high load bearing capacity.
 

Disadvantages of Polyurethane Foams

1) Less Durability: Life span of polyurethane products is very less because the products have hydroscopic tendencies i.e. they absorb water and looses the quality.
2) Odour:  Polyurethane products emits odours and fumes but this is not noticeable.
3) Health Problems: There are many applications in which Polyurethane is widely used such as bedding, building insulation, footwear and paints.
4) Environmental Issues: the polyurethane products emit toxic odour which is not good for the environment, hence it have some environmental issues.

Polyurethane Foams Market

The global Polyurethane Foams Market’s revenue was estimated to be worth $40.1 billion in 2012, which is expected to reach $61.9 billion by 2018, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 6.9% from 2013 to 2018.

Polyurethane Foams: Market Share (Revenue), By Geography, 2012

Asia-Pacific is the largest region, both in terms of volume and value of polyurethane foams market, followed by Western Europe and North America. China, Japan, U.S., Germany, Brazil, and Russia are expected to persist as successful foam markets.

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Soil Treatment Market worth $28.9 Billion - 2017

Soil

Soil is the combination of organic matter, liquids, gases, micro species, minerals etc which forms an ideal environment for the development of crops.

Soil Types

1) Sandy Soil: It has the largest particle size, It is dry because the space between particles is large hence it can not hold water.
2) Silty Soil: it has much smaller particle size compared to Sandy soil but it can not hold the required nutrients in large amount hence it has less fertility.
3) Clay Soil: It has smallest particles, has tendency to settle together. It has the better environment for plant growth.
4) Peaty Soil: Dark brown or black in color, Due to high water content it is rich in organic content.
5) Saline Soil: Found in extremely dry regions and has high salt content, causes damage to plant growth.

Soil Contamination

Soil treatment is the process which is used for the purpose of improving the physical, biological, and nutrient content of the soil. 

Soil Contamination causes: 

Following are some reasons which are responsible for Soil Contamination.

•     Accidental Spills
•     Acid rain
•     Intensive farming
•     Deforestation
•     Genetically modified plants
•     Nuclear wastes
•     Industrial Accidents
•     Landfill and illegal dumping
•     Agricultural practices, such as application of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
•     Mining and other industries
•     Oil and fuel dumping
•     Buried wastes
•     Disposal of coal ash
•     Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil
•     Discharging urine and faeces in the open
•     Electronic waste

Contaminated soil Treatment Strategies...

1) Physical/Chemical Treatment

• Soil Vapor Extraction: Digging wells into the soil so that air can vent in.
• Solidification: The cement is the primary material used for solidification,it solidifies the contaminated soil and prevents pollutants from moving, for example rain causes mixing of pollutants into groundwater.
• Chemical Oxidation: It involves chemical redox(Reduction/Oxidation) reaction that converts hazardous particles into non-hazardous particles.
• Electrokinetic Separation: An electric current is spread through the soil to remove heavy metal particles from soil.

2) Thermal Treatment

• Electrical Resistance Heating: A current is transferred through contaminated soil to separate hazardous particles. This process is similar to Electrokinetic Separation.
• Steam Injection and Extraction: The steam is injected through the channel of wells to recover contaminants in groundwater and vapor.
• Conductive Heating: Extreme heating of soil through wells leads to vaporization of chemical particles present in soil.

3) Biological Treatment

• Bioventing
• Phytoremediation 

 

Soil treatment market is based on three important elements

1) Organic amendments: Soil Amendments is the material which is added into soil to improve the soil properties such as water holding capacity, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure.
2) Pest and Weed Controller: Removal of Unwanted or least important plants from the farm so that the unnecessary wastage of nutrients, space are stopped.
3) pH adjusters: The Acidity percentage of Soil determines the availability of mineral nutrients which are required for growth of plants/crops.

pH	Type of Soil	Lack of Minerals
Greater than 7	Alkaline Soil	phosphorous, iron, and zinc are limited
7	Neutral
Less than 7	Acidic Soil	calcium and magnesium are limited

Soil treatment market

As discussed above the major factors for Soil Treatment Market are Organic Amendments, pH adjusters, Pest and Weed Controllers. Nowadays the biggest problem that the world is facing is the problem of soil degradation due to compaction and to overcome this issue of soil compaction pH adjusters are recommended as the best solution. Hence, the market for pH adjusters is amplifying and is anticipated to grow at a Compound Aggregate Growth Rate of 14.3% from 2012 to 2017. 

Soil Treatment Market Share, by Geography, 2011

As we all know that the pest and weed are the most dangerous for the growth of a plant. To avoid the effect of pest and weed on the crops the usage of pest and weed controller is increasing worldwide. Pest and weed controller contributes around 86% of total Soil treatment Market.

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Water Treatment Chemicals Market - Trends and Forecasts(2010-2015).

Water Treatment in Soft Drink Industry

Water treatment is the procedure of removing impurities or contaminants from the water either by using organic methods such as settling the water, filtration, Boiling or by using some chemical processes.

Water treatment in Soft Drink

As we all known that soft drink industries have to undergo the government policies and other criteria regarding the quality of its content, So the water treatment plays an important role in Soft drink industry. To ensure the water impurities are not there in water the different chemical compounds are used for treatment of water.

the different types of water treatment chemicals used are:

• Algaecides - Copper Sulphate, Iron Salts, Rosin Amine Salts, Benzalkonium chloride
• Anti-foams -To remove the mass of bubbles from the soft drinks.
• Biocides - Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Chloroisocyanurates, Hypochlorite, Ozone
• Boiler water chemicals -
  The chemicals which are used for following are Boiling water chemicals.
  · Oxygen scavenging;
  · Scale inhibition;
  · Corrosion inhibition;
  · Anti-foaming;
  · Alkalinity control.
• Coagulants - Aluminium Sulphate, Iron(Ferrous) Sulphate
  
• Corrosion inhibitors - Corrosion is a general term that indicates the conversion of a metal into a  soluble compound.
• Disinfectants - Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Ozone, Hypochlorite
• Neutralizing agents - sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), calcium carbonate
• Oxidants - Hydrogen Peroxide
  
• pH conditioners-lowering the pH is the addition of hydrogen chloride, in case of a basic liquid. An example of bringing up the pH is the addition of natrium hydroxide, in case of an acidic liquid. To adjust pH levels Ca(OH)2 is applied as co-flocculent.
• Resin cleaners - sodium chloride, potassium chloride, citric acid and chlorine dioxide Scale inhibitors.

Considering above water treatment chemicals the Corrosion and scale inhibitors chemical types are having largest market with 43%  of total market share.

To read in Detail about Water Treatment Chemicals Visit : http://goo.gl/c0QKQL.

Alternative to Chemical Treatment:

Besides the chemical treatment for soft drink water the Non-chemical treatment methods are also sharing the good market response. These Non Chemical treatments include methods such as ultra-filtration and ultraviolet disinfection that are most commonly used techniques in soft drink industries because they remove impurities easily as compared to the chemical methods.

But there are certain lagging or disadvantages for Non chemical treatments...

1) Huge investment in capital cost
2) Operation and maintenance cost is much higher than chemical treatment.
3) cost of chemical processing is less as compared to the cost incurred by advanced technologies.

Water Treatment Chemicals Market:

The usage of water treatment chemicals in soft drinks market is going to reach around 216 million Kg in 2015, which was recorded as 181.9 million Kg in 2010, possessing the growth rate of 3.5% from 2010 to 2015.
Considering overall market for Water Treatment Chemicals Market North America has the largest market for water treatment chemical and it is responsible for around 37% of the overall market recorded in year 2010. After North America, Europe has the second largest market for water treatment chemical sharing 33% of overall market and Asia-Pacific is having 21% market.

Leading Market holder countries for Water Treatment Chemicals

Some of the leading manufactures of chemicals are listed below...

Akzonobel NV, Ashland Inc., Baker Hughes Inc., BASF SE, BK, Giulini GmbH, Buckman Laboratories international Inc., BWA Water Additives UK Ltd, Chemtreat Inc., Clariant, Cortec Corp, GE water and process technologies, Kemira Oyj, Kurita water industries Ltd, Nalco. 

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Global Chocolate Market : Trends and Forecast(2011-2016)

What is Chocolate?

If we go back to the history the chocolate/cocoa was  used as drink which was primarily taken after the meals.  Chocolate is a sweet food which is prepared from the cacao plant.

Procedure of  Manufacturing chocolate:  

Cocoa powder as well as chocolate are manufactured  from the dried seeds of cocoa tree which are found in pods on the cocoa tree.

Following are the steps of Manufacturing of Chocolate:

•    HARVESTING: Manufacturing of Chocolate products is a complex process that begins with the harvesting of cocoa trees. Cocoa beans are harvested twice a year.

•    CRACKING THE POD: crack and open the cocoa pod to release the beans.

•    FERMENTATION: reduces the bitterness and astringency of the seed.

•    DRYING:  to reduce the moisture contained by the seeds.

•    ROASTING:  to develop the flavours of chocolate and to eliminate moisture.

•    CRUSHING: the Cocoa beans are crushed into the particle.

•    GRINDING: twin action of grinding and heating converts the COCOA particles into liquid paste.

•  CONCHING: the liquid paste of chocolate is stored in large tanks called conches and it is maintained in controlled temperature. It is the most important step of manufacturing  because it eliminates all traces of residual moisture, removes undesirable aromas, disposes of excess acidity and bitterness as well as it improves the quality of chocolate.

Country-wise sharing of cocoa production:

Image Source:  International COCOAOrganization (ICCO).

Around 45 countries in the world produces COCOA, but only 8 of them are responsible for around 92% of COCOA production. Above pie-chart clearly indicates that the Ivory Coast and Ghana are the major COCOA producing countries, and the contribute more than 60% of overall production.

 Types of Chocolate?

1) Dark Chocolate: Just by adding the Fats and Sugar to the cocoa we can prepare Dark chocolate(Black Chocolate).
2) Milk Chocolate: Milk chocolate" is solid chocolate made with milk in the form of milk powder, liquid milk, or condensed milk added. It is a good alternative to the high cholesterol sweets.
3) White Chocolate: It contains the least number of nutritions compared to othe types of chocolates. It is a confection based on sugar, milk, and cocoa butter without the cocoa solids.

Global Market Analysis:

As Dark chocolate is having around 60% of cocoa content and cocoa is having certain health benefits the most of the traffic is choosing Dark chocolate over white chocolate and Milk chocolate. Due to high demand of Dark chocolate the market of Dark chocolate will be booming in Future.

Market Share by Chocolate Types

The Dark chocolate market is growing at compound annual growth rate of 5.2%. Milk chocolate is going to contribute around $42.6 billion to the chocolate market and is expected to reach around  $46.9 billion in 2016, at an estimated CAGR of 1.6% globally.                     

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Agricultural Films Market: Types, Trends and Forecast(2017).

Agricultural Films 

  Agricultural Films are Mainly classified into three main stream categories, these are...

1)Greenhouse Films.
2)Mulch Films.

3)Silage Films.

Greenhouse Films:

A Greenhouse is nothing but a area or location in which different kinds of plants are grown under controlled environment in which the conditions are maintained according to the type of the crop and sustainability of that crop. The structures of greenhouse range in size from small sheds to industrial-sized buildings.

Incoming rays of sunshine are absorbed by the walls of greenhouse, and the temperature and environment is maintained inside the greenhouse without any effect on the plants.

Greenhouses can be divided into

1) Glass greenhouses

2    2) Plastic greenhouses.

Plastics mostly used are polyethylene film and multiwall sheets of polycarbonate material, or PMMA acrylic glass.

 

Mulch Films:

A mulch is a layer of material which is  applied on the surface area of soil. The Mulch can be permanent or Temporary. Permanent Mulch is made up of Bark chips and temporary mulch is made up of Plastic sheets.

Purpose of Mulch is:

• Mainly conservation of moisture.
• improvisation of the fertility and health of the soil.
• Reduction or suppression of weed (Undesirable or Unwanted Plants in the farm) growth.
• Enhancement of the visual appeal of the area.

History of Plastic Mulch:
In the mid of 1950 Dr. Emery M. Emmert of the University of Kentucky invented the idea of using  polyethylene film as mulch in vegetable production. For his contribution in use of Plastic in Greenhouses Dr. Emery M. Emmert is also known as ‘father of plastic greenhouses’.

Materials used for Mulching
Depending on the type of material used for Mulching, It can be classified in following types.
1)   Organic Mulching
Organic Mulch is decomposable i.e.  it decomposes over the time. Material used in Organic Mulching can be leaves, Grass Clipping, Peat Moss(Sphagnum), Wood Chips, Bark Chips etc.

2)   Inorganic(Artificial) Mulching
There is certain criteria before choosing the material for Artificial Mulching. The certain criteria’s are availability, cost, appearance, the effect of material on the soil—including chemical reactions and pH, durability, combustibility, rate of decomposition etc.

Poly-Ethylene is the largest used plastic film in Agriculture.  Following types of polyethylene are used in Mulching.
•    Low density polyethylene(LDPE),
•    Linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE),
•    High density polyethylene(HDPE),
•    EVA/EBA,
•    Reclaim
•    Others.

Silage Films:

• Silage is a fermented, high moisture stored Fodder which is usually fed to the chewing animals such as Cow. 
• Silage Films are made up of Fodder and are usually used to store the crops like Maize.
• Silage allows the long term storage of a variety of wet agro-industrial by-products.

 Agricultural Films Market

Agricultural films Market is a continuously booming and a billion dollar market which is expected to reach $7.1 billion by 2017 at a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 6.7% from 2012 to 2017. Hence much of the traffic is concentrating on the Greenhouse Market. Greenhouse films and Mulch films are the major applications of Agricultural Film Market  which are expected to boost and enhance the revenue of the global market.

Agricultural Films Market share, by Geography, 2011

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Power Rental and Insights of Power Rental Market.

What is Rental Power?

Rental Power is the power which is designed to meet short-term and emergency requirements of a particular country. The Rental Power Plants are designed and developed within a span of 4 to 6 months. This development is somewhat depended on the technological resources of the respected country. The Rental periods for which the power is taken on rent are normally 5 to 7 years long depending on country’s requirement and needs.

Rental power plants are simple cycle plants and they consume significantly more fuel than combined cycle power plants which are normally set up as Independent Power Producers(IPP).

Advantages of Rental Plant Over IPP:

• As we know that the rental power contracts are for 5-7 years unlike IPP which are for 20-25 years of contract, the rental tariffs are low for Rental Power as compared to Independent power producers.
• Short-term implementation of rental plants to meet emergency requirements.
• Rental plants works efficiently and compete with the country’s other power plants particularly in the public sector. 

The power rental has primarily two generators for the power generation:
1) Diesel Generator:
        The Fuel consumption for generating power is less compared to Gas Generator. The cost of Diesel Generator is higher than Gas Generator.
2) Gas Generator:
         The Fuel consumption for generating power is more compared to Diesel Generator. The cost of Gas Generator is lower than Diesel Generator.

 

 Insights of Power Rental Market

Rapidly increasing power demand, lack of grid stability & support, as well as tendency to rent instead of buying are the major affecting factors of the Power Rental Market.

Day by day Increasing Economies and Rapidly developing countries have shortage of power supply capacity because they don't have the permanent power solutions. Most of the Growing Economies Fail to predict future electricity demand and are unable to finance major capital projects, hence they have created the market for power rental solution.

Global Power Rental Market Worth $17 Billion by 2017.

Power rental market is estimated to have $6.4 Billion revenue in 2011 is forecasted to grow from $7.8 billion in 2012 to $17 illion in 2017. During 2011 – 2016 the market will experience 17% CAGR(Compound Annual Growth Rate) primarily due to economical growth of developing countries where power demands will outpace the permanent power capacities.

Power Rental Market Share, By Geography, 2011

 Above Market share clearly indicate that North-America has the highest share in global power rental revenue market followed by the Middle East and then the Asia Pacific.



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