Soil
Soil is the combination of organic matter, liquids, gases, micro species, minerals etc which forms an ideal environment for the development of crops.
Soil Types
1) Sandy Soil: It has the largest particle size, It is dry because the space between particles is large hence it can not hold water.
2) Silty Soil: it has much smaller particle size compared to Sandy soil but it can not hold the required nutrients in large amount hence it has less fertility.
3) Clay Soil: It has smallest particles, has tendency to settle together. It has the better environment for plant growth.
4) Peaty Soil: Dark brown or black in color, Due to high water content it is rich in organic content.
5) Saline Soil: Found in extremely dry regions and has high salt content, causes damage to plant growth.
2) Silty Soil: it has much smaller particle size compared to Sandy soil but it can not hold the required nutrients in large amount hence it has less fertility.
3) Clay Soil: It has smallest particles, has tendency to settle together. It has the better environment for plant growth.
4) Peaty Soil: Dark brown or black in color, Due to high water content it is rich in organic content.
5) Saline Soil: Found in extremely dry regions and has high salt content, causes damage to plant growth.
Soil Contamination
Soil treatment is the process which is used for the purpose of improving the physical, biological, and nutrient content of the soil.
Soil Contamination causes:
Following are some reasons which are responsible for Soil Contamination.
- Accidental Spills
- Acid rain
- Intensive farming
- Deforestation
- Genetically modified plants
- Nuclear wastes
- Industrial Accidents
- Landfill and illegal dumping
- Agricultural practices, such as application of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
- Mining and other industries
- Oil and fuel dumping
- Buried wastes
- Disposal of coal ash
- Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soil
- Discharging urine and faeces in the open
- Electronic waste
Contaminated soil Treatment Strategies...
1) Physical/Chemical Treatment
- Soil Vapor Extraction: Digging wells into the soil so that air can vent in.
- Solidification: The cement is the primary material used for solidification,it solidifies the contaminated soil and prevents pollutants from moving, for example rain causes mixing of pollutants into groundwater.
- Chemical Oxidation: It involves chemical redox(Reduction/Oxidation) reaction that converts hazardous particles into non-hazardous particles.
- Electrokinetic Separation: An electric current is spread through the soil to remove heavy metal particles from soil.
2) Thermal Treatment
- Electrical Resistance Heating: A current is transferred through contaminated soil to separate hazardous particles. This process is similar to Electrokinetic Separation.
- Steam Injection and Extraction: The steam is injected through the channel of wells to recover contaminants in groundwater and vapor.
- Conductive Heating: Extreme heating of soil through wells leads to vaporization of chemical particles present in soil.
3) Biological Treatment
- Bioventing
- Phytoremediation
Soil treatment market is based on three important elements
1) Organic amendments: Soil Amendments is the material which is added into soil to improve the soil properties such as water holding capacity, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration and structure.
2) Pest and Weed Controller: Removal of Unwanted or least important plants from the farm so that the unnecessary wastage of nutrients, space are stopped.
3) pH adjusters: The Acidity percentage of Soil determines the availability of mineral nutrients which are required for growth of plants/crops.
2) Pest and Weed Controller: Removal of Unwanted or least important plants from the farm so that the unnecessary wastage of nutrients, space are stopped.
3) pH adjusters: The Acidity percentage of Soil determines the availability of mineral nutrients which are required for growth of plants/crops.
pH
|
Type of Soil
|
Lack of Minerals
|
Greater than 7
|
Alkaline Soil
|
phosphorous, iron, and zinc are
limited
|
7
|
Neutral
|
|
Less than 7
|
Acidic Soil
|
calcium and magnesium are limited
|
Soil treatment market
As discussed above the major factors for Soil Treatment Market are Organic Amendments, pH adjusters, Pest and Weed Controllers. Nowadays the biggest problem that the world is facing is the problem of soil degradation due to compaction and to overcome this issue of soil compaction pH adjusters are recommended as
the best solution. Hence, the market for pH adjusters is amplifying and
is anticipated to grow at a Compound Aggregate Growth Rate of 14.3% from 2012 to 2017.
 |
| Soil Treatment Market Share, by Geography, 2011 |
As we all know that the pest and weed are the most dangerous for the growth of a plant. To avoid the effect of pest and weed on the crops the usage of pest and weed controller is increasing worldwide. Pest and weed controller contributes around 86% of total Soil treatment Market.
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